NEWS ITEM

ZANRE : NEWS ITEM

A News item text is a text which tells a daily newsworthy.

(News item memberikan kepada pembaca, pendengar, penonton, tentang peristiwa peristiwa atau kejadian yang dipandang penting atau layak diberitakan.)

GENERIC STRUCTURE:

1. Newsworthy events (KEJADIAN INTI)
2. Background events ( LATAR BELAKANG:elaborasi kejadian, orang yg trlibat, tmpat kejdian, dll)
3. Sources (SUMBR INFORMASI: komentar saksi kejadian, pendapat para ahli)

Mini-tornado, hail strikes South Bandung (NEWS ITEM)

             A “mini-tornado” coupled with a hail storm hit some areas in South Bandung on Wednesday afternoon for approximately 30 minutes.
           The weather panicked residents as hail stones penetrated corrugated iron rooftops. The wind swirled things around while hail stones made thudding sounds on our roof. Residents reported that the authorities had shut down the electricity in the area to prevent short circuits
          “There was no sign of rain. All of a sudden, we saw dark clouds above followed by strong winds. Afterwards, it rained hard with hail stones,” said a resident.

What is a tornado?  (REPORT)

            Tornadoes are known as one of the most damaging disasters. What is the description of tornadoes? A tornado is a very powerful column of winds which spirals around a center of low atmospheric pressure. A tornado will look like a large black funnel which hangs down from a storm cloud.
          The name "tornado" derives from the Latin "tonare". It means "to thunder." While the Spanish developed the word into "tornear" which means "to turn or twist". This is why a tornado is sometimes called twister or cyclone.
          The winds inside a twister can spin around at speeds up to 500 miles an hour, but it usually travels at roughly 300 miles an hour. This speed twisting makes a tornado the most dangerous storm.
             The average tornado has a diameter of about 200 to 300 yards. The smaller tornadoes are known as satellite tornadoes. These small offspring, about 50 yards across, can be very fierce and do lots of damage.
          The forming of a tornado can be very quick. Sometimes it can form in a minute or less. A tornado can travel across the ground at high speeds, then it can suddenly vanish. Most tornadoes last less than twenty minutes and travel less than 15 miles. However, the super storms sometimes travel over 100 miles before they are exhausted.

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Somali Pirates free Indonesian Sailors

The crew of 20 Indonesian sailors abroad the Sinar Kudus Kargo ship were finally freed by Somali pirates on Sunday.

“ We received a cash of $ 45 million early in the morning. We have abandoned the ship it is preparing to sail away ,” a pirate who gave his name as Geney told Reuters news agency.

In march, a large group of 30 to 50 Somali pirates seized the Indonesian flagged and owned ship about 320 nautical miles northeast or the Yemeni Island of Socotta. The Sinar Kudus was on its way to the Netherlands from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi when it was hijacked.

The ship is now on its way to the nearest secure part and is being heavily guarded by Indonesian warship,” David Batubara vice president of Samudra Indonesia told to reporters late on Sunday.

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Student found dead in waterway in Serpong

The body of a high school student was found in a waterway on Jl. Pare in the Bumi Serpong Damai housing estate in Serpong , South Tangerang, on Wednesday.

Serpong Police chief Comr. Hibertus Omposungi identified the student as Taher Achmad, 16, from SMK Bina Kesehatan Cendakia in Tangerang. Omposungi refused to comment on the possible cause of the student’s death.

“We are still looking into the death of the student and will be sending the body to Tangerang General Hospital for an autopsy. Only autopsy results can explain the cause of death,” he said.

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Simultaneous Interpretation Past and Present

SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETERS

Perkuliahan ke 11

Simultaneous Interpreting

A.What is a simultaneous interpreter?

A simultaneous interpreter is - as you can tell by looking at the words - someone who interprets for someone in another language while the speaker speaks without interruption. This is the opposite of consecutive interpreting, because a consecutive interpreter awaits his turn and does not start speaking until the speaker allows him the time to do so. Simultaneous interpreting is one of the most common kinds of interpreting. But also the most difficult. Very few translators (who are used to getting the time to really think about their translations) can do it, and not even all interpreters can do it well.

B.When is it necessary?

You need a simultaneous interpreter when at least one person attending your event cannot understand what the speaker says, due to the fact that he speaks a different language, and there is no time or opportunity to let the speaker pause regularly.

Some examples...

• You are holding a stockholders meeting in English, but several trustees or members of your board of management, and several stockholders, speak Chinese and could have difficulty with the English language. And perhaps you are expecting questions to be asked in Chinese which the English speaking people present should also understand. In that case it is best to use an interpreter booth, one or (preferably) more simultaneous interpreters, and a sound system with microphones for the interpreters, microphones for the speakers, and headsets for everyone.
   
• You are a marketing research company. You are going to have interviews with some respondents - in Chinese. But an English speaking representative of your foreign customer wants to listen in on several interviews. In that case, you reserve an extra room for one or more simultaneous interpreters and your guest, put a video camera and at least one microphone in the interview room, and a sound/video system connected to it in the other room, with a set of headphones for the interpreter.
   
• You are organizing a symposium with Chinese speakers, but are expecting a number of English speaking visitors. In that case you hire one or more simultaneous interpreters, and a so-called whispering or guide set for the sound (microphone, infrared transmitter and sets of headphones).
   
• An English-speaking customer of your law firm sues one of his Chinese business relations. You hire one or more simultaneous interpreters and let them whisper a translation of the proceedings of the trial.
  You are organizing a conference with both English-speaking and Chinese-speaking speakers and visitors. There will be speeches and discussions in both languages. You reserve a conference center or hall, an interpreter booth, microphones, headphones and... simultaneous interpreters.

C.How many interpreters do I need?

In the examples you regularly see mention of a need to hire more than one interpreter. But now you might ask: How do I determine whether I need one interpreter or more? In order to be able to find the answer, you need to know how a simultaneous interpreter works. It is really a very complex process, one that only very few interpreters can handle well. A speaker is speaking, and that speaker does not stop or pause. He keeps talking. Therefore the interpreter must do the following while the speaker is talking:

• listen to what the speaker is saying
• translate it in his mind,
• render the translation in his microphone, and
• (and this is the most difficult part) at the same time listen to what is being said while he is speaking himself.

This requires a kind of mental miracle, and that is why it is an unusually demanding and complex activity to carry out, one that requires an unusual level of concentration, which tires out the interpreter rather soon - which affects his concentration, which, in turn, affects his performance after a while, and ... well, you get the picture. There are some solutions for this problem: Sometimes the event's program offers possibilities for regular breaks, perhaps because of visual presentations in between the speeches. In that case it is not impossible that one interpreter will suffice. But if the speeches go on and on, you may expect the interpreter to get too tired after a while. In that case it can be necessary to hire more than one interpreter, so they can alternate. Or perhaps you can get another interpreter for different parts of the day - be creative. But whatever you do, do not underestimate the need for a solution of the interpreter's exhaustion problem, because a serious loss of concentration when he gets tired, will result in a loss of quality in the translation. Of course it is expensive to hire interpreters. But if you are going to spend money on it anyhow, why not make sure you get quality translations? An exhausted interpreter will do no one any good. Moreover - if an agency or an interpreter estimates a potential assignment to be too exhausting for one interpreter to do well, and you are not willing to pay for an extra interpreter, there is a good chance that the assignment will be flatly refused.

D.Are there different kinds of simultaneous interpreters?

Yes and no. Although the principle is the same in all cases, there are even different names for different kinds of simultaneous interpreters.

Whispering interpreters are simultaneous interpreters who whisper their translations. Usually they work under circumstances where the listeners are a minority as far as their language is concerned: it can be one person, or perhaps just a few. Is it one or two people, then the interpreter will usually work without sound equipment and he will literally whisper his translation to his listeners.

Conversation interpreters can be simultaneous interpreters, but not necessarily. In the abovementioned example of the marketing research company it is clear that a simultaneous interpreter is needed to translate the interviews. But is there time for people to pause during a conversation, and is there no objection to having participants in the conversation wait for the translation each time a sentence is spoken, you may consider using a consecutive interpreter.

Court interpreters (= legal interpreters) are usually simultaneous interpreters. The chance, however, that you will need a court interpreter, is rather slim - unless you work for a court. Since most courts already have a list of interpreters they work with, we will not explain the work of this kind of simultaneous interpreters any further.
Conference interpreters are, in fact, always simultaneous interpreters. They generally work in interpreter's booths.

My Collection : Sandeep Bandesha's Family

ENGLISH FOR BIOLOGY SYLLABUS

SYLLABUS

I.Identity of the Course

1. name of the course   : Englih for Biology I

2. Code of the course  :

3.Status of the course   : Required

4. Faculty                     : Mathematics and Natural Science

5. Department              : Biology Education

6. Semester                  : 1 (International Class)

7. SKS                         : 2

5.Lecturer                    : Dra. Maisaroh Amperawati. M.Pd.

II. Description of the Course

English for Biology is English for Specific Purposes ( ESP), English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Professional Purposes (EPP) toilored to the needs of first and second semester undergraduate Biology Education Department at the faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science at Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta.

 This course gives the students knowledge in understanding and using  English for academic and professional needs. The course materials include reading comprehension, structure, speaking , and listening, from the chosen topics related biology and teaching biology.

III. Objrectives of the Course

After completing the course  the students will be able to :

1.      Answer the questions from the texts related to biology topics.

2.      Use the biology terms in sentences.

3.      Speak English in academic context.

4.      Use classroom languages.

5.      Write composition

IV. Methods of Instruction

1.      Tutorial

2.      Discussion

3.      Speech

4.      Role Play

5.      Game

V. Evaluation

1. Attendance        :  10%

2. Assignment         : 20%  (including presentation)

3. Mid Test           : 30 %

4. Final Test          : 40 %

VI. Study Program

Week	Topic	Objectives	Sources
1	An Introduction to course outline	-To get familiar with its objectives of the course -To introduce one sefl in English	Syllabus
2	Biology as a Science (Reading and Vocabulary)	Reading to read the text with good pronunciation -to answer question based on the text Vocabulary -to find the meaning of  words in bold -to match the word and its definition	-Module , Chapter 1 -English –English Dictionary -English-Indonesia Dictionary
3	Biology as a Science  Structure: Parts of Speech  Writing  : imple sentences Speaking : In the classroom	Structure -to identify noun, verb, adjective, ..(parts of speech) in the sentences of the text. Writing -to write good simple sentences Speaking -to use expression of opening classes
4	The Plant Kingdom (Reading  and Vocabulary)	Reading to answer the question based on the text. -to read some biology terms with good pronunciation Vocabulary -to complete the sentences with suitable words -to find the synonyms and antonyms -to change words into several part of speech (Word Formation)
5	The Plant Kingdom Writing: Complex senteces	Writing -to arrange some scrambled words into a  good sentence -to write five simple sentences sentences about kidneys and excretory systems -to complete sentences with suitable conjunctions. -to write 5 complex sentences -
6	The classification of Living Things	Reading -to answer   the main idea questions -to  answer the reference questions -to answer the detail question Vocabulary -    Identify nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs -    To find the plural noun with suffixes –us, -a, um, - on, etc. -    To find the synonyms of the words taken from the text -
7	The classification of Living Things -Structure: Simple Present -Speaking; describing a living thing	Structure: Simple Present -To make negative sentences from the text -to write sentences with simple present tense related to living thing  Speaking -to present /describe about living thing in front of class.
8	MID TERM EXAMINATION
9	Translation: Introduction to translation	Translation: -To translate text of The Classification of Living Things
10	Photosynthesis	Speaking -to deliver oral presentation of text ‘Photosynthesis’
11	T he Cell-Introduction to Menddel	Reading -to Answer the questions based on the text Vocabulary -to find the words in the text that is suitable with the definition given
12		Structure -to use simple past in sentences -to use past continuous in sentences -to use present perfect in sentences Speaking T=-to tell about one of scientist’s life
13	The Kidneys and Excretory System (Reading  and Vocabulary)	Reading to answer the question based on the text. -to read some biology terms with good pronunciation Vocabulary -to complete the sentences with suitable words -to find the synonyms and antonyms
14	The Kidneys and Excretory System Writing: paragraph writing	Structure -to use passive voice in sentences Writing -to arrange some scrambled words into a  good sentence -to write a good paragraph
15	Review all tenses discussed	-to  revise wrong sentences -to change verbs according to the time tenses
16	FINAL EXAM